语言是表达礼貌和不礼貌的最重要的机制之一。本讲座着重探讨互惠作为塑造互动中礼貌的基本机制。例如，如果有人礼貌地请求你做某事，被请求者会感受到礼貌地回应的压力。还将简要讨论交际中的不礼貌现象。

Language is one of the most important mechanisms for the expression of politeness ancimpoliteness. This paper focuses on reciprocity as a fundamental mechanism in shaping(im)politeness in interaction (e.g. if somebody politely asks you for something, the person being asked is under pressure to politely respond). lt will also briefly consider impoliteness online.